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Properties of Common Spring Materials For Spring Wire

Properties of Common Spring Materials For Spring Wire

High-Carbon Spring Wire

Material	Music Wire ASTM A 228	Hard Drawn ASTM A 227	High Tensile Hard Drawn ASTM A 679	Oil Tempered ASTM A 229	Carbon Valve ASTM A 230
Nominal Analysis	C - .70 - 1.00% Mn - .20 - 60%	C - .45- .85% Mn- .60-1.30%	C - .65 - .1.00% Mn - .60-1.30%	C - .55 - .85% MN - .60 -1.20%	C - .60 - .75% Mn - .60 - .90%
Minimum Tensile Strength	230-399	CLI 147-283 CLII 171-324	258-350 --	CLI 165-293 CLII 191-324	215-240
Modulus of Elasticity E psi x 10³	30	30	30	30	30
Design Stress % Minimum Tensile	45	40	45	45	45
Modulus in Torsion G psi x 106	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5
Maximim Temp. °F	250º	250º	250º	250º	250º
Maximum Temp. °C	121º	121º	121º	121º	121º
Rockwell Hardness	C41-60	C31-52	C41-60	C42-55	C45-49
Method of Manufacture Chief Uses Special Properties	Cold drawn.High and uniform tensile.High quality springs and wire forms.	Cold drawn.Average stress applications.Lower cost springs and wire forms.	Cold drawn.Higher quality springs and wire forms.	Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication,General purpose spring wire.	Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication suitable for cyclic applications.

General. High-Carbon spring steels are the most commonly used of all springs materials. Try to use these materials in preference to others because that are least expensive, readily available, easily worked, and most popular. These materials are not satisfactory for high or low temperatures or for shock or impact loading.

Alloy Steel Wire

Material	Chrome Vanadium ASTM A 231	Chome silicon ASTM A 401
Nominal Analysis	C- .48 - .53% Cr-.80-1.10% V - .15 min%	C-.51-.59% Cr-.60-.80% si-1.20-1.60%
Minimum Tensile Strength	190-300	235-300
Modulus of Elasticy E psi x 10 ³	30	30
Design Stress % Minimum Tensile	45	45
Modulus in Torsion G psi x 106	11.5	11.5
Maximum Temp.°:F	425º	475º
Maximum Temp. °C	218.5	246
Rockwell Hardness	C41-55	C48-55
Method of Manufacture Chief Uses Special Propeterties	Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication.Used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperature.	Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication.Used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperature.

General.The alloy spring steels have a definite plac in the fueld of spring materials,particularly for conditions involving high stress and for applications where shock or impact loading occurs.Alloy spring steels also can withstand higher and lower temperatures than the annealed or pre not regularly stocked in a wide variety of sizes.

Stainless Steel Wire

Material	AISI 302/304 ASTM A 313	AISI 316 ASTM A 313 (631)	17-7 PH ASTM A 313 (631)
Nominal Analysis	Cr-17.0-19.0% Ni-8.0-10.0%	Cr-16.0-18.0% Ni-10.0-14.0% Mo-2.0-3.0%	Cr-16.0-18.0% Ni-6.5-7.5% Al-.75-1.5%
Minimum Tensile Strength	125-325	110-245	Cond CH 235-335
Modulus of Elasticy E psi x 10 ³	28	28	29.5
Design Stress % Minimum Tensile	30-40	40	45
Modulus in Torsion G psi x 106	10	10	11
Maximum Temp.°:F	550º	550º	650º
Maximum Temp. °C	288º	288º	343º
Rockwell Hardness	C35-45	C35-45	C38-57
Method of Manufacture Chief Uses Special Propeterties	Cold drawn,general purpose,corrosion and heat resistant.Magnetic in spring temper.	Cold drawn,Heat resistant and betler corrosion resistance than 302.Magnetic in spring temper.	Cold drawn & precipitation hardened after fabrication.High strengh and general purpose corrosion resistance.Slightly magnetic in spring temper.

General.The use of stainless spring steels has increased considerably in recent years.Sevaral new compositions are now available to withstand corrosion.All of these materials can be used for high temperatures up to 650°f.

Non-Ferrous Alloy Wire

Material	Phosphor Bronze A ASTM B 159	Beryllium Copper ASTM B 197	Monel 400 AMS 7233	Monel K 500 QQ-N-286
Nominal Analysis	Cu-94.0%-96.0% Sn-4.0-6.0%	Cu-98.0% Be-2.0%	Ni-66.0% Cu-31.5% C/fe	Ni-65.0% Cu-29.5% C/fe/A/Ti
Minimum Tensile Strength	105-145	150-230	145-180	160-200
Modulus of Elasticity E psi x 10 ³	15	18.5	26	26
Design Stress% Minimum Tensile	40	45	40	40
Modulus in Torsion G psi x 106	6.25	7.0	9.5	9.5
Maximum Temp. °:F	200º	400º	450º	550º
Maximum Temp. °C	93.8º	204º	232º	288º
Rockwell Hardness	B98-104	C35-42	C23-32	C23-35
Method of Manufacture Chief Uses Special Properties	Cold drawn.Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.	Cold drawn and may be mill hardened before fabrication.Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.High physicals.	Cold drawn,Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.	ExcelLent corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature

General. Copper-base alloys are important spring materials because of their good electrical properties combined with their excellent resistance to corrosion. Although these materials are more expensive than the high-carbon and the alloy steels,they nevertheless are frequently used in electrical components and in subzero temperatures. All copper-base alloys are drawn to the Chinese wire gauge (same as Brown & Sharpe gauge) and are nonmagnetic.

High-Temperature Alloy Wire

Material	A 286 Alloy	Inconel 600 QQ-W-390	Inconel 718	Inconel X-750 AMS 5698,5699
Nominal Analysis	Ni -- 26.0% Cr -- 15.0% Fe--53.0%	Ni -- 76.0% Cr -- 15.8% Fe -- 7.2%	Ni -- 52.5% Cr -- 18.6% Fe -- 18.5%	Inconel X-750 Ams 5698.5699
Minimum Tensile Strength	160-200	170-230	210-2500	No.IT 155 min.Spg.T 190-230
Modulus of Elasticity E psi x 10 ³	29	31	29	31
Design Stress% Minimum Tensile	35	40	40	40
Modulus in Torsion G psi x 106	10.4	11.0	11.2	12
Maximum Temp Fº	950º	700º	1100º	750–1100º
Maximum Temp. °C	510º	371º	593º	399-593º
Rockwell Hardness	C35-42	C35-45	C40 - 50	C34-39 C42-48
Method of Manufacture Chief Uses Special Properties	Cold drawn.and precipitation hardened after fabrication.good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.	Cold drawn.Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.	Cold drawn and preipittion hardened after. fabrication.Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.	Cold drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.

General. Nickel-based alloys are especially useful spring materials to combat corrosion and to withstand both elevated and below-zero temperature application. Their nonmagnetic characteristic is important for such devices as gyroscopes,chronoscopes, and indicating instruments. These materials have high electrical resistance and should not be used for conductors of electrical current.